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|  The Fisheries Library, through its Internet access or by e-mail: fi-library@fao.org, provides guidance on where to search and how to obtain copies of FAO Fisheries publications.Capture fisheries are extremely diversified, comprising a large number of types of fisheries that are categorized by different levels of classification. On a broad level, capture fisheries can be classified as industrial, small-scale/artisanal and >recreational. | | | | A more specific level includes reference to the fishing area, gear and the main target species, such as the North Sea herring purse seine fishery,Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery,southern ocean Patagonian toothfish longline fishery.While capture fisheries encompass thousands of fisheries on a global scale, they are often categorized at the level of which a fishery is managed nationally and/or regionally.The following brief descriptions provide an overview of capture fishery types. Industrial fisheriesCapital-intensive fisheries using relatively large vessels with a high degree of mechanization and that normally have advanced fish finding and navigational equipment.Such fisheries have a high production capacity and the catch per unit effort is normally relatively high. In some areas of the world industrial fisheries is synonymous with fisheries for species that are used for reduction to fishmeal and fish oil (e.g. the trawl fishery for sandeel in the North Sea).Small-scale fisheries Labour-intensive fisheries using relatively small crafts (if any) and little capital and equipment per person-on-board. These are most often family-owned; may be commercial or for subsistence; usually consume little fuel and are often equated with artisanal fisheries. Artisanal fisheriesSometimes referred to as small-scale fisheries, these are typically traditional fisheries involving fishing households (as opposed to commercial companies), using relatively small amount of capital, relatively small fishing vessels, making short fishing trips, close to shore, mainly for local consumption.In practice, definition varies between countries, e.g. from gleaning or a one-person canoe in poor developing countries, to more than 20 m. trawlers, seiners, or long-liners in developed ones. Artisanal fisheries can be subsistence or commercial fisheries, providing for local consumption or export. In general, though by no means always, they use relatively low level technology. Artisanal and industrial fisheries frequently target the same resources which may give rise to conflict. Recreational (sport) fisheriesHarvesting fish for personal use, leisure, and challenge (e.g. as opposed to profit or research). Recreational fishing does not include sale, barter or trade of all or part of the catch.Commercial fisheriesFisheries undertaken for profit and with the objective to sell the harvest on the market, through auction halls, direct contracts, or other forms of trade.Subsistence fisheriesA fishery where the fish caught are shared and consumed directly by the families and kin of the fishers rather than being bought by intermediaries and sold at the next larger market. Pure subsistence fisheries are rare as part of the products are often sold or exchanged for other goods or services.Traditional fisheriesFisheries established long ago, usually by specific communities that have developed customary patterns of rules and operations. Traditional fisheries reflect cultural traits and attitudes and may be strongly influenced by religious practices or social customs. Knowledge is transmitted between generations by word of mouth. They are usually small-scale and/or artisanal. | | | | |
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