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Capture fisheries are extremely diversified,
comprising a large number of types of fisheries
that are categorized by different levels of
classification. On a broad level, capture fisheries
can be classified as industrial,
small-scale/artisanal and recreational. A more
specific level includes reference to the fishing
area, gear and the main target species, such as the
North Sea herring purse seine fishery, Gulf of
Mexico shrimp trawl fishery, southern ocean
Patagonian toothfish longline fishery. While
capture fisheries encompass thousands of fisheries
on a global scale, they are often categorized at
the level of which a fishery is managed nationally
and/or regionally.
The following brief descriptions provide an
overview of capture fishery types.
Industrial fisheries
Capital-intensive fisheries using relatively large
vessels with a high degree of mechanization and
that normally have advanced fish finding and
navigational equipment. Such fisheries have a high
production capacity and the catch per unit effort
is normally relatively high. In some areas of the
world industrial fisheries is synonymous with
fisheries for species that are used for reduction
to fishmeal and fish oil (e.g. the trawl fishery
for sandeel in the North Sea).
Small-scale fisheries
Labour-intensive fisheries using relatively small
crafts (if any) and little capital and equipment
per person-on-board. Most often family-owned. May
be commercial or for subsistence (see below).
Usually low fuel consumption. Often equated with
artisanal fisheries.
Artisanal fisheries Typically
traditional fisheries involving fishing households
(as opposed to commercial companies), using
relatively small amount of capital, relatively
small fishing vessels, making short fishing trips,
close to shore, mainly for local consumption. In
practice, definition varies between countries, e.g.
from gleaning or a one-person canoe in poor
developing countries, to more than 20 m. trawlers,
seiners, or long-liners in developed ones.
Artisanal fisheries can be subsistence or
commercial fisheries, providing for local
consumption or export. Sometimes referred to as
small-scale fisheries In general, though by no
means always, using relatively low level
technology. Artisanal and industrial fisheries
frequently target the same resources that may give
rise to conflict.
Recreational (sport) fisheries
Harvesting fish for personal use, leisure, and
challenge (e.g. as opposed to profit or research).
Recreational fishing does not include sale, barter
or trade of all or part of the catch.
Commercial fisheries Fisheries
undertaken for profit and with the objective to
sell the harvest on the market, through auction
halls, direct contracts, or other forms of
trade.
Subsistence fisheries A fishery
where the fish caught are shared and consumed
directly by the families and kin of the fishers
rather than being bought by intermediaries and sold
at the next larger market. Pure subsistence
fisheries are rare as part of the products are
often sold or exchanged for other goods or
services
Traditional fisheries Fisheries
established long ago, usually by specific
communities that have developed customary patterns
of rules and operations. Traditional fisheries
reflect cultural traits and attitudes and may be
strongly influenced by religious practices or
social customs. Knowledge is transmitted between
generations by word of mouth. They are usually
small-scale and/or artisanal.
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